Kerala PSC - Biology - Human Body (Heart)
- The heart is situated in the thoracic chamber between the two lungs.
- Heart is a vital organ of the body whose normal function is to contract periodically in order to pump either haemolymph or blood to various parts of the body.
- The human heart is divided in four chambers
- The upper chambers are called auricles and the lower chambers are called ventricles.
- Heart is protected by a double layered membranous sac called pericardium.
- The heart begins to beat at the age of 4 weeks of the embryonic stage.
- Heart contracts about 72 times a minute in an adult. The contraction phase is called systole and relaxation phase, a diastole.
- Heart beat of a foetus is more than 200 per minute. It will reach 140 per minute at the time of delivery.
- The accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries is known as arteriosclerosis.
- In Bypass Surgery the blocked blood vessel is replaced by another blood vessel.
- Block in the blood vessel is removed by using new medical equipment known as angioplasty.
- Blood clotting that occurs in the blood vessels of brain is known as 'Cerebral thrombosis'.
- Hemorrhage occurs when the pressure increases in the walls of arteries so that they become broken.
- Stroke is the condition in which the flow of blood is decreased in the areas of brain, so that fatigue occurs.
- Weight of human heart is 300 g.
- The organ which cannot affect the cancer is the heart.
- First artificial heart is Jarvick 7.
- ECG (Electrocardiograph) is used to known the disorders of heart.
- This technique was first developed by William Einthoven in 1903.
- High blood pressure is known as the silent killer.
- Human RBC contains no nucleus. But in camel, the RBC contains nucleus.
- The only artery which carries deoxygenated (Impure) blood - Pulmonary artery
- It carries blood from right ventricle to lungs.
- The only vein which carried oxygenated (Pure) blood from lungs to left auricle - Pulmonary vein.
- The fine branches of the arteries and veins are connected together by extremely fine vessels called capillaries.
- In an average healthy man, the systolic pressure is about 120mm/Hg and the diastolic pressure is about 80 mm/Hg.
- Increase rate of Heart beat - Tachycardia
- Decreased rate of Heart beat - Bradycardia
- High levels of Potassium and Sodium ions decrease the heart rate.
Kerala PSC - Biology - Human Body (Heart)
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