The 19th and early 20th centuries in India witnessed a surge of reform movements aimed at challenging and transforming traditional social, religious, and cultural practices. These movements emerged in response to colonial rule, social inequalities, and religious orthodoxy prevalent during that time. Here are some prominent reform movements and their founders:

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These reform movements played a crucial role in shaping modern India by challenging outdated customs, promoting education, and fostering a spirit of rationality, equality, and social justice. The founders of these movements were visionary leaders who sought to bring about positive changes in society through their progressive ideas and relentless efforts.